The Launeddas 0 Comments

The Launeddas

The launeddas are one of Sardinia's oldest and most distinctive wind instruments, a symbol of the island's millennia-old culture. Some scholars believe that instruments similar to the launeddas were already in use in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Still, the depictions found in Nuragic Bronze Statuettes confirm their rooted presence in Sardinia since the Bronze Age. Their antiquity is evidenced by their integral role in the ritual and social life of the Nuragic people. It is believed that they were played during rituals associated with fertility, harvests, or religious ceremonies dedicated to Nuragic deities. This gives the launeddas an aura of sacredness and a profound connection to the island's spirituality and traditions.

The launeddas consist of three reed pipes of different lengths, each serving a specific function: two of them mancosa and mancosedda: are melodic pipes, one for the bass and one for accompaniment. The third one, the tumbu, the longest one, emits a single, deep, and continuous note. The mancosa and tumbu are tied together and played with the left hand, while the mancosedda is played with the right hand. The unique characteristic of the launeddas lies in the continuous blowing technique. Musicians, using circular breathing, maintain a constant airflow, allowing them to play without interruption. This technique requires years of practice and exceptional skill, making launeddas players true masters of their art.

The launeddas are crafted using common reed (Arundo donax), a plant abundant in Sardinia. The selection of reeds is crucial to ensure the quality of the sound. Reeds are harvested during specific seasons, aged for months, and meticulously worked.

Each phase of construction is an art passed down through generations. Sardinian master artisans devote great care to selecting the proportions, which determine the instrument’s tonality and tuning.

In ancient times, the sound of the launeddas was believed to have the power to ward off evil spirits and ensure divine protection. This sacred connection is also evident in the depictions of Nuragic bronze statuettes, where musicians are often represented in ceremonial contexts.

Although the launeddas faced the risk of disappearing due to social and cultural changes in the 20th century, today they are experiencing a remarkable revival. Numerous projects and associations in Sardinia are dedicated to preserving and promoting this unique instrument through various initiatives:

  • Music Schools: Schools specializing in teaching the launeddas have been established, attracting young people eager to learn this art. Every set of launeddas is unique and tailored to the musician.

  • Festivals: Events such as the International Festival of Launeddas celebrate this instrument, drawing musicians and enthusiasts from around the world.

  • Modern Collaborations: The launeddas have also been integrated into contemporary music, showcasing their versatility and relevance.

In the reeds of the launeddas blows the breath of Sardinia: ancient, unceasing, eternal like the wind in its mountains. Thanks to the commitment of musicians, artisans and enthusiasts, the launeddas continue to tell the story and soul of Sardinia, fascinating anyone who is lucky enough to listen to them.


“That forgotten flute didn't know to be full of magic inside, until one day someone blew into it and beautiful music came out.” (Fabrizio Caramagna)

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Written by Daniela Toti

Photo of Launeddas players during Sant'Efisio celebrations

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